Sunday, December 29, 2019

`` Harrison Bergeron `` By Kurt Vonnegut Critique Of...

The world is an unfair place, and while this may seem wrong, changing it would only create more disorder. In the story â€Å"Harrison Bergeron,† Kurt Vonnegut introduces the readers to a world where everyone is â€Å"equal.† This definition of equality is based on the notion that all competition is evil and corrupt, and that no one should feel inferior in light of others success or talent. Controlled by the Handicapper General, the extreme measures used to equalize society has limited innovation and made commodities like food, entertainment, and relaxation of substandard quality. This fictional government has forced people to live in a way that suppresses their natural abilities, and it convinced many characters that this is the way society should be. The mass acceptance of such an existence by those characters demonstrates a critique of American conformity and the power of the government over this behavior. The tone of the story is very interesting. Though the co ntext of the story is quite shocking, the language it is written in is very informal and nonchalant; making the setting seem almost normal. The normalization of this society is meant to make the readers condemn its leaders for thinking such practices are acceptable; even though, the readers themselves may be holding on to ideas that are similarly condemnable to those who know better. Take, for example, the nature of society during the time period this story was written in. After WWII, America entered a time of mass

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Racism Racism And Police Brutality - 916 Words

Myrian Rios Professor Thibodeau ENC 1101 Composition I 8:00-9:50 10 June 2015 Essay 1 Racism in the Legal System Racial profiling isn’t something new to today’s society. Most recently there were incidents in which the officers were accused of mistreating blacks such as Michael Brown and Freddie Gray. â€Å"Racism versus professionalism: claims and counter-claims about racial profiling† written by Vic Satzewich and William Shaffir discusses racism versus professionalism with officers. Their argument is more biased towards the police force and they argue that it’s part of their job. â€Å" Racism and police brutality in America† by Cassandra Chaney and Ray V. Robertson touch upon racism and brutality in America. Their article talks about respecting the cops but they also mention police brutality through stories from people that experienced this. Although Satzewich and Shaffir reached out to people to cops to write about their personal experiences and thoughts about racial profiling, Chaney and Robertson’s article is a stronger source because they used several sources and focus on both sides of the situation. In Satzewich and Shaffir’s article, they set in motion that there is evidence from people with minority backgrounds stating that officers are engaging in racial and/or religious profiling. They argue that racial profiling is a method used regularly in their line of work. Because people of minority communities believe that racial profiling exists, it gives the police aShow MoreRelatedRacism And Police Brutality And Racism1820 Words   |  8 Pages In the world we live in today, racism and police brutality are raising concerns that society needs to be aware of. Beginning from the mid 1900s and on, racism was an ongoing problem that many individuals acted on from day to day. Whether it was mainly whites who hated blacks or vice versa, there never seemed as if a solution would ever come about. Based on this article about racism and police brutality, it talks a lot about how brutality following the Rodney King incident has change and is moreRead MorePolice Brutality Racism1340 Words   |  6 PagesPolice brutality in America has been known to put fear in the lives of many Americans. Although police brutality is played out across all avenues of the media and many people see this happening, it yet does not change the fact that racism still exists in the justice system of America. People in positions of power yet have not done anything to rectify the situation and this has lead to the rise of â€Å"Black Lives Matter† moveme nt. Numerous opportunities have been presented to officials to speak up aboutRead MoreRacism And The South And Police Brutality1378 Words   |  6 PagesRacism is prejudice plus power (influence, status and authority). It exists in many different forms and in almost every facade of society; from subtle discrimination in everyday life and scandals in politics, to occurrences like lynching’s in the South and Police Brutality. Racism is complicated, systemic and institutional as described by researchers; (Jones, 1997): personal, which may be considered the same as prejudice (Allport, 1958); institutional, involving a set of environmental conditionsRead MorePolice Brutality And The Racism It Fosters Essay1710 Words   |  7 PagesPolice Brutality and the Racism It Fosters A controversial topic for decades, one issue that has made a noticeable impact in modern day society, especially in the year of 2015, is that of police brutality. Stemming from deep-rooted and institutionalized racism within law enforcement and other surrounding fields, it has sparked a firestorm of opposition, with many American citizens up in arms over the target that’s been seemingly casted on the backs of the black community. Despite the various protocolsRead MoreRacism : The Main Causes Of Police Brutality709 Words   |  3 PagesPolice brutality has been an issue for many decades and still is a concern that people have. Officers shouldn’t even think about using that type of violence around people unless it is absolutely necessary. Police brutality has even come to a point of death. According to Encyclopedia.com, police brutality is â€Å"the use of any force exceeding that reasonably necessary to accomplish a lawful police purpose†. In other words, poli ce brutality is when an officer takes advantage of their power. Racism isRead MoreRacism And Police Brutality Today By Cassandra Chaney And Ray V. Robertson1481 Words   |  6 PagesMy first scholarly article that I read was Racism and Police Brutality in America by Cassandra Chaney and Ray V. Robertson. The article begins by highlighting the beating of Rodney King in 1992. Police brutality has gone on for a long time, and with the help of technology it has finally been brought to the light. In 1992, four white police officers beat an African American man named Rodney King. The events were caught on camera and were aired that night by a local TV station in Los Angeles. In theRead MoreDr. Wolfe s Sociological Training910 Words   |  4 Pages1. In Dr. Wolfe’s statement on the recent events that have taken place in Baltimore he talks about police brutality, crime, racism, and inequality. Dr. Wolfe’s sociological training affects the way he looks at these events. In his statement he talks about how police brutality is not just happen ing among â€Å"a few bad apples† but instead how it is a systemic issue. He may be right but he also may be wrong. Dr. Wolfe is trained to study race, the criminal justice system and the relationship between bothRead MoreThe Invisible Man By Ellison862 Words   |  4 PagesIn response to police brutality, The Invisible Man was written by Ellison demonstrated that through his life racism was entirely present. Ellison, in fact, was faced with police brutality throughout the novel. Ellison wrote a scene in which his narrator dealt with police brutality after giving a speech at an eviction. The police threatened to shoot him and beat all of them. Ellison wrote that his character had known it was due to the racism during the time period. Even so, the rest of the novel involvedRead MoreThe Conflict Of Police Brutality And Racial Profiling858 Words   |  4 Pagesprominent conflict of African American males and police officials in Western nations, focusing directly on the America n South. In the late 1920’s African Americans in the U.S.A, were hopeful that their struggle against racism was nearing a successful conclusion with the start of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People). For many years, especially for people not of colour, racism, racial discrimination and police brutality were â€Å"hidden† from the mainstream media. ThoughRead MoreThe Relationship Between Police Brutality And African Americans1350 Words   |  6 PagesDespite the fact that the days of slavery died down hundreds of years ago, racism still exists in many forms today. It may not be as self-evident as it was back when black individuals had to sit at the back of the bus, but in reality, to this day racism still exists in a vicious however very subtle way. Nowadays racism can occur through cultural institutions, individual racism, as well as racial ideology. These forms of discrimination cause racial inequalities which bring about a lack of opportunity

Friday, December 13, 2019

Li Fung Free Essays

1. What has been the historic strength and strategy for Li and Fung? Since Li and Fung was founded in 1906, the company has more than 100 years of history and it is the main historic strength of Li and Fung. It accumulated lots of information and experience, which other competitors couldn’t have owned without such a strong historic background. We will write a custom essay sample on Li Fung or any similar topic only for you Order Now Li and Fung is a publicly traded family company. Speed, Solidarity, authenticity, trust, and control are the benefits to running a family business. For example, in a family business, people can think something in the morning and begin working on it in the afternoon; after all, the family is a natural team. Trust is essential in all business and family businesses get a high level of trust among family members. In the early 1970s, Fung brothers who were both educated at Harvard Business School returned from the United States. Fung brothers’ returned heralded Li and Fung’s transition from a family- owned business to a professionally managed firm, with a planning and budgeting system in place for the first time. As more source of supply emerged in the rapidly industrializing Asian economies, Li and Fung expanded its regional network of offices throughout the Asia-Pacific region and this can be contributed to the fact that Li and Fung was Hong Kong based. By 2000, Li and Fung became a $2 billion global export trading company sourcing and managing the global supply chain for high-volume, time-sensitive consumer goods. 69% of Li and Fung’s sales were in the United States and 27% in Europe. With 48 offices in 32 countries, the company provided value-added services across the entire supply chain in a so-called â€Å"borderless† manufacturing environment. Therefore, Li and Fung clients benefited in several ways: supply-chain customization could shorten order fulfillment from three months to five weeks, and this faster turnaround allowed clients to reduce inventory costs. Moreover, in its role as a middleman, Li and Fung reduced matching and credit risks, and also offered quality assurance to its customers. Furthermore, with a global sourcing network and economies of scales. Li and Fung could offer lower cost and more flexible sourcing than its competitors. Li and Fung even started offering clients virtual manufacturing, or product design services. Li and Fung was entrepreneurial, allowing senior managers to run 90 small, worldwide management teams as separate and individual companies. These dedicated teams of product specialists focused on the needs of specific customers and were grouped under a Li and Fung corporate mbrella that provided centralized IT, financial and administrative support form Hong Kong. This decentralized corporate structure allowed for adaptability and rapid reaction to seasonal shifts. In Li and Fung, performance-based promotion and compensation were cardinal principles. Each Li and Fung’s top executives negotiated individual compensation packages. Li and Fung bonuses were based on profits without ceiling. How to cite Li Fung, Essay examples

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Public Relations Good Health

Question: Discuss about thePublic Relations for Good Health. Answer: Part 1A Issue Analysis Research Plan Overview of Client and Issue Ministry of Health at Singapore vision is to championing healthy nation with people. It aims at living along with peace of mind. Mission Statement of Ministry of Health means promoting good health as well as reducing illness (Moh.gov.sg, 2016). On the contrary, it ensures access as good as well as affordable healthcare for future analysis. It pursues medical excellence in achieving through various strategies. Good Health extends towards responsibility of individual. Ministry of Health plays an important role in educating as well as providing information to public in maintaining healthy lifestyle. Addition to that, Ministry plays major role for reducing illness in Singapore with control as well as prevention of diseases for allocation of resources (Moh.gov.sg, 2016). In this particular assignment, issue analysis has been conducted on Zika Outbreak and Client is Ministry of Health (MOH). This can be considered as a transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of Zika virus that happens to be a constituent of the family Flaviviridae. Virus (University of Texas at Austin School of Information, 2016). This measures 40 nm in diameter and has an outer envelope as well as inner solid central part. Most recent cases of civic health hazard underline the significance of continuous vigilance to up-and-coming diseases, and intensifying provincial collaboration in maintaining health security for communities in ASEAN and afar. As per reports, Singapore has registered 383 such cases, counting 8 pregnant women, whilst cases of Zika inflicted patients are also reported in areas such as Philippines as well as Thailand (Breaking News, World News Multimedia, 2016).Zika in Singapore means Zika virus infection reported from the year 1950. Aedes mosquito identical to dengue majorly transmits it. On analysis, it has been noticed that one in five infections are symptomatic in nature. On the contrary, Zika refers as mild as well as self-limiting illness. It gives rise to serious neurological complications (Foundation, 2016). There are no such vaccines or any specified anti-viral drugs. The World Health Organization (WHO) declares the Zika virus considers as global public health emergency. Infection links with thousands for babies in the underdeveloped brains. Most of the major areas declaring the state of emergency as a pandemic process for advising women in affecting countries (Zika And Health Security In Southeast Asia Analysis, 2016). Overview of Key Stakeholders Ministry of Health holds special Zika sensitivity in meeting with industry stakeholders. It means invitations sent to industry partners. Zika virus encourages stakeholders for taking preventive measures for mitigating the spread of Zika, the main objectives of meeting for further educating tourism stakeholders on Zika virus (Jr., 2016). Ministry of Health continues with proactive measures for fighting against the virus. It mainly focuses on discussing the precautions in combating with Zika virus that ensures having safe as well as healthy experience (Zika and Health Security in Southeast Asia Analysis, 2016). Proactive measures involve providing staff members and guests in rendering information on Zika. Having inspection for avoiding any storing water in outdoor containers can help in preventing mosquito-breeding sites (Jr, 2016). Analysis of Impact of the Issue on Client Client issue is regarding Zika Virus. Symptoms of Zika includes mild fever, headache as well as joint pain and rashes Deaths are rare as well as one in five people infects through developing symptoms. Rare nervous system disorder known as Guillain- Barre syndromes in causing temporary paralysis in linking with infection (Foundation, 2016) There is no vaccine or any other drug treatment as well as patients advised in rest and drink plenty of fluids. It is big concern that affects babies for developing in the womb as well as surge in macrocepahaly. US Experts from National Institutes of Health in case for Zika vaccines (University of Texas at Austin School of Information, 2016). Sources of Information and Methodology used for Tracking Issue and Proposing Research Methodology The sources of information that can be used for tracking the present issue include different news articles, manuscripts, archival records and information from different debate forums from 21st September onwards. The particular method that can be used for tracking the present issue of Zika Outbreak is the case study analysis that can help in extending experience and attach potency to previously known facts through prior research (Brennen, 2013). This qualitative research technique can be used to scrutinize contemporary real-life circumstances and offer the foundation for the implementation of innovative ideas as well as extension of research methods. The case study research technique can also be used in this case as an empirical investigation that explores a current incident within a real-life circumstance. This particular case study method that can help in Qualitative Content Analysis can emphasize on the interpretation of case Zika Outbreak rather than quantification and concentrate on subjectivity of the issue if not on the objectivity. Concerned with the context of the study, the qualitative case study research method can use the case studies from newspapers articles as well as debate forums as well as social institutions as a pedagogical device that can help in extensive exploration, review and analysis of the present issue Zika Outbreak and help in answering the posted research questions (Brennen, 2013). Therefore, the secondary research can be used for carrying out the study on Zika Outbreak where requisite information can be collated from existing sources. Therefore, the research method in the present segment includes different heterogeneous activity encompassing an assortment of research methods as well as techniques, various coverage that includes single case study all the way through cautiously coordinated pairs to form multiple cases, different levels of evaluation (individuals, groups, associations or else social strategies, and varying lengths and at the same time levels of engagement in different organizational operation (Jackson Mazzei, 2012). Therefore, the entire research that can be undertaken for the present study can include five logical steps. The five different stages of carrying out the research includes posting the research questions, ascertainment of the proposition, units of analysis, logical linking of the acquired data to the posted propositions and the criteria for the understanding the findings. References Breaking News, World News Multimedia. (2016).Nytimes.com. Retrieved 8 October 2016, from https://www.nytimes.com Brennen, B. (2013).Qualitative research methods for media studies. New York: Routledge. Foundation, T. (2016).News Home | Thomson Reuters Foundation News.News.trust.org. Retrieved 8 October 2016, from https://news.trust.org/ Jackson, A. Mazzei, L. (2012).Thinking with theory in qualitative research. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Jr., D. (2016).Predict Zikas Spread? Its Hard Enough to Count the Cases.Nytimes.com. Retrieved 8 October 2016, from https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/20/health/zika-spread-predictions.html?_r=0 Moh.gov.sg. (2016). Retrieved 8 October 2016, from https://www.moh.gov.sg University of Texas at Austin School of Information. (2016).Ischool.utexas.edu. Retrieved 8 October 2016, from https://www.ischool.utexas.edu Zika And Health Security In Southeast Asia Analysis. (2016).Eurasia Review. Retrieved 8 October 2016, from https://www.eurasiareview.com/22092016-zika-and-health-security-in-southeast-asia-analysis/

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Review of Part 3 of Omnivores Dilemma free essay sample

FoodReview of Part 3 of The Omnivore’s Dilemma ENGL-135 Advanced Composition Professor Edmondson William McGuire In Part 3, Chapters 15, 16, and 17 of The Omnivore’s Dilemma, Michael Pollan explores looking foraging for different foods, the ethics of hunting animals and harvesting the meat from them, and giving a brief look into what brought about the paradox of The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Chapters 15, 16, and 17 bring up a lot of good points about foraging and hunting and Pollan provides through detail and research on the topics, but upon reading these chapters you find it lacking content that will keep you engaged and the material can be pretty dry at times while you get a little bit of disorganization from random topics. Chapter 15 of Omnivores Dilemma was a short chapter on how Pollan is preparing to make a meal from all of the foraging groups. Fruits, vegetables, fungi, and meat were the components that made up this meal, he wanted to find and gather enough from each group to make his first. We will write a custom essay sample on Review of Part 3 of Omnivores Dilemma or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pollan had just moved to California, so his unfamiliarity with the area was a disadvantage, so he decided to hire a companion to help him on his quest. Chapter 16 takes the reader to a different venue, Pollan discusses the beginnings of The Omnivore’s Dilemma through a research paper that was written in 1976 by Paul Rozin and titled The Selection of Foods by Rats, Humans, and Other Animals. Pollan expresses how similar we are to rats that we are omnivores, but unlike rats, we have lost our instinct of choosing food and follow advertisements as our guide. He then goes on to suggest that the problems stem from capitalistic gains and the pursuit of revenue. In chapter 17 we are taken back to Pollan on his foraging quest he started in chapter 15. This chapter looks more at the ethics of hunting and eating animals that are not processed in processing plants like we are so use to seeing. Pollan brings up reasoning on why he is a meat eater and battles with the struggle on if eating meat at a steakhouse is morally right and ethical. He goes into detail about the way the animal lived and if the animal had a long, happy, humane life. The author concludes that if we look away from how the animal goes from being on the farm to a freezer in the supermarket then people turn vegetarian and if we can’t look away then we have to find a way to accept it and determine if the animal endured a lifetime of suffering. Part 3 in the book meets two out of the three common expectations and displays some strong descriptive wording to give you a sense of imagery when you read certain parts of the book as well as give you a good understanding on the point he is trying to get across. An example of one of the statements that he uses to paint a picture for you and try to bring you there is â€Å"I began to notice things. I noticed the soft yellow globes of chamomile edging the path I hiked most afternoons, and spotted clumps of miner’s lettuce off in the shade (Claytonia, a succulent coin-shaped green I had once grown in my Connecticut garden) and wild mustard out in the sun. (Angelo called it rapini, and said the young leaves were delicious sauteed in olive oil and garlic. ) There were blackberries in flower and the occasional edible bird: a few quail, a pair of doves. (Pollan, pg. 285) Another strength in this book is the subject matter that pertains to what the author is trying to convey to the reader, Pollan is trying to show the readers that the way we use to obtain and eat food is ever changing and will continue to change and we are easy to influence as it pertains to our diets, he does well in keeping to the theme of his book. The weaknesses of Part 3 cover two of the three common expectations and they are the lack of engagement for the reader and the order in which the subject matter is presented. This book is not tailored for someone who loves to read fantasy or action, something that will leave you hanging on the edge of your seat wanting more. Instead what you get is someone detailing his experiences and research that supports a lot of his ideas, ethics of eating animals, and corn sex, alas no explosions or protagonist/antagonist struggle. I found myself dozing off a few times feeling like I was in an agriculture lecture or biology class. The subject matter is laid out well in some parts of the book, but Pollan jumps around a lot with the material, for instance, in chapter 15 he is foraging for food then chapter 16 is about a research article that gave him inspiration to write The Omnivore’s Dilemma, and then chapter 17 is about his moral conflict of eating steak at a steakhouse and whether or not the animal had to suffer to get to his plate. I think the book needs some improvement in this regard so the author is not jumping to different topics at random. In The Omnivore’s Dilemma, the author Michael Pollan is somewhat successful in satisfying the common expectations for the chapters I have read, one of the expectations is both a strength and a weakness for this part of the book. I think that the book as a whole does not satisfy the common expectations with the big one being engagement, there will be people who are interested in this book but it is only a small facet of the readers out there today. The book does deliver on the use of imagery and the subject matter stays on topic most of the time and supports his ideas and theories. Later on in part 3 in the next three chapters he goes on the hunt and he elaborates on the history of pigs that are not native to California and his feelings after the kill. He then finds some wild mushrooms to pair with the meat he has acquired from harvesting the pig and talks about his adventures trying to find non-poisonous mushrooms; and the final chapter presents the author preparing the meal with all of the components he has foraged for and harvested. Works Cited Pollan, M. (2006). The Omnivores Dilemma. New York, New York: Penguin Books.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Free Essays on What Is The Difference

What is the Difference? â€Å"Each individual’s journey through life is unique. Some will make this journey alone, others in loving relationships- maybe in marriage or other forms of commitment. We need to ponder our own choices and try to understand the choices of others. Love has many shapes, colors, and is not finite. It can not be measured or defined in terms of sexual orientation.†** As we are all aware, there is much of a debate on homosexual couples having the right to be legally married. There are two articles that (I have found to be the best detailed) strongly support the legalizing same sex marriages are; Iowa Representative Ed Fallon’s speech to the House in 1996, and an article from the Partners Task Force for Gay and Lesbian Couples. On February 20, 1996 and Iowa Representative (Ed Fallon) was reading his speech to the House of Representatives discussing why he supports the legalization of same sex marriage. Naturally, he started his speech, by stating this debate and how their vote would affect the public’s point of view. He used many examples of â€Å"pink-baiting.† He felt that by creating gay and lesbian unions, instead of legalizing gay marriage, this would only reinforce homophobia and gay bashing. He stressed the idea that heterosexuals need only to accept homosexuals. In order to do this, Representative Fallon, had stated that we all need to put an end to fear and stereotypes, and start seeing each other as fellow human beings. (I, totally agree) that that this is a civil rights issue, and it poses no threat to the society. There is another argument that I think would help clarify the up more it was written by the co-director of the Partners Task Force for Gay and Lesbian Couples. He (like others) believes that marriage is not only a religious agreement, but also has legal and civil status. According to his article, â€Å"Legal marriage triggers 150-250 laws in every U.S. state, as well as more than... Free Essays on What Is The Difference Free Essays on What Is The Difference What is the Difference? â€Å"Each individual’s journey through life is unique. Some will make this journey alone, others in loving relationships- maybe in marriage or other forms of commitment. We need to ponder our own choices and try to understand the choices of others. Love has many shapes, colors, and is not finite. It can not be measured or defined in terms of sexual orientation.†** As we are all aware, there is much of a debate on homosexual couples having the right to be legally married. There are two articles that (I have found to be the best detailed) strongly support the legalizing same sex marriages are; Iowa Representative Ed Fallon’s speech to the House in 1996, and an article from the Partners Task Force for Gay and Lesbian Couples. On February 20, 1996 and Iowa Representative (Ed Fallon) was reading his speech to the House of Representatives discussing why he supports the legalization of same sex marriage. Naturally, he started his speech, by stating this debate and how their vote would affect the public’s point of view. He used many examples of â€Å"pink-baiting.† He felt that by creating gay and lesbian unions, instead of legalizing gay marriage, this would only reinforce homophobia and gay bashing. He stressed the idea that heterosexuals need only to accept homosexuals. In order to do this, Representative Fallon, had stated that we all need to put an end to fear and stereotypes, and start seeing each other as fellow human beings. (I, totally agree) that that this is a civil rights issue, and it poses no threat to the society. There is another argument that I think would help clarify the up more it was written by the co-director of the Partners Task Force for Gay and Lesbian Couples. He (like others) believes that marriage is not only a religious agreement, but also has legal and civil status. According to his article, â€Å"Legal marriage triggers 150-250 laws in every U.S. state, as well as more than...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Gender Buying Behaviour within the Beauty Industry Essay

Gender Buying Behaviour within the Beauty Industry - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the beauty sector is part of a vast multi-national industry. The value of the professional beauty industry in the UK in 1998 was  £366 million, which represented a growth of almost 6% on the previous year. This figure includes beauty therapy/ products treatments in a variety of sites including mobile, hair and beauty salons, health clubs, high street retailers as well as the conventional beauty salon. The growth in the customer base stood at over 13%. This means that 13% more people, visited salons and bought products in 1998 compared to 1997. The beauty industry operates through a variety of sites, all sectors of which are supported by media and advertising. However, in recent years there’s a whole new target market. Traditionally, the only thing men are interested in putting on their faces is shaving cream and aftershave. But, as a generation of men raised in a culture where youth is a good age, cosmetic companies are increa singly targeting men. The sheer number of aging men is piquing the curiosity of cosmetic marketers. The number of men between 35 and 54 is expected to reach 40 million by 2000 –up from 32 million in 1990. Cosmetic marketers have never had much success targeting men. Lancome launched a men’s line about five years ago, then quickly pulled it. Two California companies, Jan Stuart and Inner-Face also launched men’s lines during the 1980s that flopped.